Explore the Essence of Taekwondo
Welcome to a journey through the art and philosophy of Taekwondo poomsae. Here, we explore the intricate layers and deep meanings behind each form, crafted to not only refine your physical skills but also to cultivate your mental discipline and philosophical understanding. Dive into the profound connections between movements and life lessons ingrained in the Taekwondo tradition.
Table of Contents
The Deeper Meanings Of Taekwondo Poomsae
In Taekwondo, poomsae (also spelled pumsae or poomse) are more than just sequences of movements. They embody the rich discipline, philosophy, and techniques of this martial art, each form symbolizing various principles and elements of nature. Understanding these deeper meanings can significantly enhance your training and appreciation of Taekwondo. This blog post delves into the symbolism and movements of key poomsae, offering insights that will benefit both beginners and advanced practitioners.
Note on Korean Terminology
I want to bring to your attention that there may be occasional spelling mistakes in the Korean terminology used in my articles, particularly with Hangeul (the Korean alphabet). While I strive for accuracy, Hangeul is not my native language, and errors can sometimes occur despite thorough proofreading.
Hangeul is a unique and beautifully structured alphabet created in the 15th century by King Sejong the Great and his scholars. It consists of 14 basic consonants and 10 basic vowels, combined into syllabic blocks to form words. Understanding and using Hangeul correctly is vital to preserving the Korean language’s and culture’s integrity, which is why I am committed to continual improvement in this area.
I appreciate your understanding and patience. If you notice any inaccuracies, please feel free to contact me with your corrections. Your feedback is invaluable in helping me maintain high standards and provide accurate, informative content for everyone.
This post is also linked to the Taekwondo4Fitness Grading Syllabus when clicking on the belts displaying the grades, as well as to YouTube videos with the relevant poomsae.
Thank you for your support!
Best regards,
Mario Boser
Head Coach, Taekwondo4Fitness
Understanding the Taegeuk Forms and Blackbelt Poomsae in Taekwondo
Taegeuk Il Jang is one of the poomsae (also spelt pumsae or poomse) in the traditional taekwondo curriculum. Poomsae are predetermined sequences of taekwondo techniques performed alone for training and development. Taegeuk Il Jang, the first poomsae, symbolizes Heaven and Light (Keon). Its movements represent the beginning of all things and the source of creation. This poomsae includes basic kicks, punches, blocks, and stances, typically performed by beginner students.
- Number of Movements: 18
- Korean Symbol: Keon
- Poomsae Line: ☰
- Meaning: Represents the beginning of all things, symbolizing creation and the universe. This form teaches the fundamentals of balance, coordination, and basic defensive and offensive movements. Practitioners focus on maintaining a steady rhythm and powerful execution of each technique to embody the principles of Heaven and Light.
Taegeuk Il Jang Terms
Taegeuk Ee Jang is one of the poomsae in the traditional taekwondo curriculum. Poomsae are predetermined sequences of taekwondo techniques performed alone for training and development. Taegeuk Ee Jang, the second poomsae, symbolizes Joyfulness (Tae). Its movements are fluid and dynamic, representing the energy and joy of life. This poomsae includes a series of kicks, punches, blocks, and stances, typically performed by students advancing from the beginner level.
- Number of Movements: 18
- Korean Symbol: Tae
- Poomsae Line: ☱
- Meaning: Symbolizes the energy and joy that life brings. The movements in this form are fluid and dynamic, emphasizing the importance of agility and quick transitions. Practitioners are encouraged to express a sense of joy and enthusiasm in their movements, reflecting the positive energy associated with this form.
- Alongside joy, Taegeuk Ee Jang also embodies the concept of 외유내강 (We Yu Nae Gang), symbolizing inner strength. This translates to “outside soft, inside strong,” reflecting a balance of gentle outward demeanour with inner resilience.
Taegeuk Ee Jang Terms
- Olgul Jireugi (얼굴 지르기) – Head punch
Taegeuk Sam Jang is one of the poomsae in the traditional taekwondo curriculum. Poomsae are predetermined sequences of taekwondo techniques performed alone for training and development. Taegeuk Sam Jang, the third poomsae, symbolizes Fire and the Sun (Ri). Its movements represent the bright and positive energy of fire and the sun. This poomsae includes a series of kicks, punches, blocks, and stances, typically performed by intermediate students.
- Number of Movements: 20
- Korean Symbol: Ri
- Poomsae Line: ☲
- Meaning: Represents the bright and positive energy of fire and the sun. This form introduces more advanced techniques, including higher kicks and faster hand strikes. The practitioner must focus on maintaining a strong, stable stance while delivering powerful, precise attacks, mirroring the intensity and brilliance of fire and the sun.
Taegeuk Sam Jang Terms
- Dwit Kubi (뒷굽이) – Back stance
- Dubeon Jireugi (두번 지르기) – Double (consecutive) punch
- Sonnal Mok Chigi (손날 목 치기) – Knife hand strike to the neck
- Hansonnal Bakkat Makki (한손날 바깥 막기) – Single knife hand outside body block
These terms cover the basic stances, blocks, punches, and strikes used in Taegeuk Sam Jang.
Taegeuk Sa Jang is one of the poomsae in the traditional taekwondo curriculum. Poomsae are predetermined sequences of taekwondo techniques performed alone for training and development. Taegeuk Sa Jang, the fourth poomsae, symbolizes Thunder (Jin). Its movements represent the power and strength of thunder. This poomsae includes a series of kicks, punches, blocks, and stances, typically performed by intermediate students progressing to advanced levels.
- Number of Movements: 20
- Korean Symbol: Jin
- Poomsae Line: ☳
- Meaning: Embodies the power and strength of thunder. The movements in this form are forceful and explosive, requiring the practitioner to channel their inner strength and deliver each technique with maximum power. Emphasis is placed on sudden, decisive actions that mimic the sudden impact of thunder. The movements in Taegeuk Sa Jang also symbolize lightning, reflecting the sudden and powerful strikes akin to thunder and lightning.
Taegeuk Sa Jang Terms
- Sonnal Momtong Makki (손날 몸통 막기) – Double knife hand body block
- Momtong Bakkat Makki (몸통 바깥 막기) – Outside body block
- Pyeonsokkeut Sewo Jireugi (편손끝 세워 찌르기) – Thrust strike to the body
- Jebipoom Mok Chigi (제비품 목 치기) – Swallow neck strike
- Deungjumeok Chigi (등주먹 치기) – Backfist punch
- Yop Chagi (옆 차기) – Side kick
Taegeuk Oh Jang is one of the poomsae in the traditional taekwondo curriculum. Poomsae are predetermined sequences of taekwondo techniques performed alone for training and development. Taegeuk Oh Jang, the fifth poomsae, symbolizes Wind (Seon). Its movements are gentle yet powerful, representing the adaptability and strength of the wind. This poomsae includes a series of kicks, punches, blocks, and stances, typically performed by advanced students.
- Number of Movements: 20
- Korean Symbol: Seon
- Poomsae Line: ☴
- Meaning: Reflects the gentle yet powerful nature of wind. This form incorporates sweeping motions and circular movements, teaching the practitioner to be adaptable and fluid in their techniques. The practitioner learns to move with grace and precision, harnessing the power of the wind.
Taegeuk Oh Jang Terms
- Mejumeok Naeryo Chigi (메주먹 내려 치기) – Hammer fist down strike
- Palkoop Dollyo Chigi (팔굽 돌려 치기) – Turning elbow strike
- Palkoop Pyojeok Chigi (팔굽 표적 치기) – Target elbow strike
- Koa Seogi (꽈서기) – Cross stance
These terms cover the basic strikes and stances used in Taegeuk Oh Jang.
Taegeuk Yuk Jang is one of the poomsae in the traditional taekwondo curriculum. Poomsae are predetermined sequences of taekwondo techniques performed alone for training and development. Taegeuk Yuk Jang, the sixth poomsae, symbolizes Water (Gam). Its movements are fluid and continuous, representing the adaptability and persistence of water. This poomsae includes a series of kicks, punches, blocks, and stances, typically performed by advanced students.
- Number of Movements: 19
- Korean Symbol: Gam
- Poomsae Line: ☵
- Meaning: Symbolizes the adaptability and persistence of water. The techniques in this form emphasize fluidity and continuous motion, encouraging the practitioner to adapt to changing circumstances and maintain a steady flow. This form also highlights the importance of resilience and flexibility.
Taegeuk Yuk Jang Terms
- Naranhi Seogi (나란히 서기) – Parallel stance
- Bitureo Makki (비틀어 막기) – Twisting block
- Olgul Bakkat Makki (얼굴 바깥 막기) – Outside head block
- Arae Hecho Makki (아래 헤쳐 막기) – Lower pushing block
- Batangson Momtong Makki (바탕손 몸통 막기) – Palm hand body block
- Dollyo Chagi (돌려 차기) – Roundhouse kick
These terms cover the basic stances, blocks, and kicks used in Taegeuk Yuk Jang.
Taegeuk Chil Jang is one of the poomsae in the traditional taekwondo curriculum. Poomsae are predetermined sequences of taekwondo techniques performed alone for training and development. Taegeuk Chil Jang, the seventh poomsae, symbolizes the Mountain (Gan). Its movements are strong and grounded, representing the steadfast and unyielding nature of a mountain. This poomsae includes a series of kicks, punches, blocks, and stances, typically performed by advanced students preparing for the black belt.
- Number of Movements: 25
- Korean Symbol: Gan
- Poomsae Line: ☶
- Meaning: Represents the steadfast and unyielding nature of a mountain. The movements in this form are strong and grounded, emphasizing stability and endurance. Practitioners learn to root themselves firmly and deliver techniques with unwavering strength, reflecting the immovable nature of a mountain.
Taegeuk Chil Jang Terms
- Beom Seogi (범 서기) – Tiger stance
- Juchum Seogi (주춤 서기) – Horse riding stance
- Sonnal Arae Makki (손날 아래 막기) – Double knife hand lower block
- Batangson Momtong Kodureo An Makki (바탕손몸통 거들어막기) – Palm hand assisted body block
- Kawi Makki (가위 막기) – Scissor block
- Momtong Hecho Makki (몸통 헤쳐막기) – double spreading block or double outward block
- Mureup Chigi (무릎 치기) – Knee strike
- Jecho Jireugi (두주먹 제쳐지르기) – Pushing away punch / Turn-over punch
- Otgoreo Arae Makki (엇걸어 아래막기) – Low cross block
- Deungjumeok Bakkat Chigi (등주먹 바깥 치기) – Outward backfist punch
- Hansonnal Momtong Makki (한손날 몸통 막기) – Single knife hand body block
- Yop Jireugi (옆 지르기) – Side punch
- Pyojeok Chagi (표적 차기) – Targeted kick
These terms cover the basic stances, blocks, punches, and kicks used in Taegeuk Chil Jang.
Taegeuk Pal Jang is one of the poomsae in the traditional taekwondo curriculum. Poomsae are predetermined sequences of taekwondo techniques performed alone for training and development. Taegeuk Pal Jang, the eighth poomsae, symbolizes Earth (Gon). Its movements represent the nurturing and sustaining qualities of the earth. This poomsae includes a series of kicks, punches, blocks, and stances, typically performed by advanced students preparing for the black belt.
- Number of Movements: 27
- Korean Symbol: Gon
- Poomsae Line: ☷
- Meaning: Embodies the nurturing and sustaining qualities of the earth. This form combines elements of all the previous forms, integrating various techniques into a cohesive whole. Practitioners focus on harmonizing their movements with a sense of stability and balance, embodying the earth’s role as the foundation of life.
Taegeuk Pal Jang Terms
- Koa Seogi (꽈서기) – Crossing leg stance
- Momtong Kodureo Bakkat Makki (몸통 거들어 바깥막기) – Assisted outside body block
- Wesanteul Makki (외산틀 막기) – Single arm mountain block (san means mountain and santeul makki is imitating the shape of the Chinese character for mountain)
- Kodureo Arae Makki (거들어 아래막기) – Assisted lower block
- Dangkyo Teok Jireugi (당겨 턱 지르기) – Uppercut
- Dubal Dangseong Chagi (두발 당성 차기) – Two feet alternative kick
- Twio Chagi (뛰어 차기) – Jumping kick
These terms cover the basic stances, blocks, and kicks used in Taegeuk Pal Jang.
Koryo is one of the poomsae (also spelt pumsae or poomse) in the traditional taekwondo curriculum. Poomsae are predetermined sequences of taekwondo techniques performed alone to aid in training and development. Koryo, named after the Korean Goryeo Dynasty (10th to 14th centuries), is the first black belt poomsae. Its movements reflect the fluid and dynamic techniques of martial artists from the Goryeo period. This poomsae includes a series of kicks, punches, blocks, and stances, typically performed by students who have achieved black belt rank. There used to be another Koryo poomsae, now referred to as the original Koryo.
- Number of Movements: 30
- Meaning: Koryo symbolizes “Seonbae,” which means “learned man” characterized by a strong martial spirit. The form reflects the historical resilience and determination of the Korean people, particularly during the Koryo Dynasty, which successfully defended Korea against the Mongolian Empire. The techniques in this form are sophisticated and deliberate, requiring practitioners to demonstrate both physical and mental discipline.
- Symbol: Learned Man
- It might be beneficial to mention the dates of the Goryeo Dynasty (918-1392), providing historical context.
Koryo Poomsae Terms
- Tongmilgi Junbi Seogi (통밀기 준비 서기) – Pushing hand ready stance
- Moa Seogi (모아 서기) – Standing with two feet together (closed stance)
- Kaljebi (칼 제비) – Attack to the throat (like a choke)
- Mureup Kkukki (무릎꺾기) – Strike to the knee joint
- Anpalmok Momtong Hecho Makki (안팔목 몸통 헤쳐막기) – Outward and pushing body block, using outer wrist or arm
- Jumeok Pyojeok Jireugi (주먹 표적 지르기) – Targeted punch
- Pyonsokkeut Arae Jecho Jireugi (편손끝 아래 제쳐찌르기) – Thrust strike to lower body
- Sonnal Bakkat Chigi (손날 바깥 치기) – Knife hand outward strike
- Palkoop Yop Chigi (팔굽 옆 치기) – Elbow strike to the side
- Mejumeok Arae Pyojeok Chigi (메주먹 아래 표적 치기) – Hammer fist strike to the lower target
These terms cover the basic stances, blocks, punches, and strikes used in Koryo poomsae.
Keumgang is one of the poomsae (also spelled pumsae or poomse) in the traditional taekwondo curriculum. It is named after the mountain, but the mountain is named after a Buddhist concept from the Diamond Sutra. Poomsae are predetermined sequences of taekwondo techniques performed alone for training and development. Keumgang, the second black belt poomsae, is named after Korea’s Diamond Mountain (Keumgang). Its movements symbolize the hardness and clarity of a diamond, representing the indomitable spirit of the martial artist. This poomsae includes a series of kicks, punches, blocks, and stances, typically performed by students who have achieved black belt rank.
World Taekwondo, formerly known as the World Taekwondo Federation (WTF), is the international governing body for Taekwondo. It organizes and promotes the sport globally, sets rules and regulations for competitions, and sponsors international tournaments such as the World Taekwondo Championships and the Olympic Games. The Keumgang poomsae is recognized and practised by World Taekwondo, along with several other poomsae in the traditional taekwondo curriculum.
- Number of Movements: 27
- Meaning: Keumgang means “that which is too strong to be broken,” symbolizing the diamond and Korea’s most beautiful mountain, Keumgang. It represents strength and the spirit of the warrior statues known as “geumgang yeoksa.” While it is named after the mountain, the mountain itself is named after a Buddhist concept from the Diamond Sutra. The techniques in this form are solid and precise, requiring the practitioner to demonstrate their power and resilience. Keumgang emphasizes the importance of inner strength and unwavering determination.
- Symbol: Mountain (Mt. Diamond)
Keumgang Poomsae Terms
- Batangson Teok Chigi (바탕손 턱 치기) – Palm strike to the chin
- Hakdari Seogi (학다리 서기) – Crane stance
- Keumgang Makki (금강 막기) – Diamond block
- Kheun Doltzeogi (큰 돌쩌귀) translates to Big Pivot or Large Turn. It refers to a significant turning movement, often used in forms to change direction or shift stance dramatically.
- Santeul Makki (산틀 막기) – Mountain block
These terms cover the basic stances, blocks, and strikes used in Keumgang poomsae.
Taebaek is one of the poomsae (also spelt pumsae or poomse) in the traditional taekwondo curriculum. Poomsae are predetermined sequences of taekwondo techniques performed alone for training and development. Taebaek, the third black belt poomsae, is named after the Taebaek mountain range in Korea. Its movements symbolize the strength and stability of mountains, representing the power and solidity of the martial artist. This poomsae includes a series of kicks, punches, blocks, and stances, typically performed by students who have achieved black belt rank.
The name Taebaek also refers to the mythological founding date of Korea by Tangun (about 4,300 years ago). Additionally, it briefly encompasses the concept of “Hongik Ingan,” which refers to the philosophy of benefiting all mankind. This philosophy is a fundamental principle that guides the actions and mindset of a Taekwondo practitioner, promoting the well-being and prosperity of all people.
- Number of Movements: 26
- Meaning: Taebeck means “Bright Mountain.” This poomsae symbolizes the mythological founding of Korea by Tangun about 4,300 years ago, representing the bridge between heaven and earth. The form includes dynamic and expansive movements, encouraging practitioners to embody the brightness and majesty of a mountain. It highlights the importance of vision and leadership.
- Symbol: Meaning Artisan, symbolizing the bridge between heaven and earth, a nation founded by the order of heaven.
Taebaek Poomsae Terms
- Sonnal Arae Hecho Makki (손날 아래 헤쳐막기) – Double knife hand lower push block
- Keumgang Momtong Makki (금강 몸통 막기) – Diamond middle block
These terms cover some of the basic blocks used in Taebaek poomsae.
Pyongwon is one of the poomsae (also spelled pumsae or poomse) in the traditional taekwondo curriculum. Poomsae are predetermined sequences of taekwondo techniques performed alone for training and development. Pyongwon, the fourth black belt poomsae, is named after Korea’s “plain of peace” (Pyongwon). Its movements symbolize the vastness and openness of a plain, representing the martial artist’s readiness for any challenge. This poomsae includes a series of kicks, punches, blocks, and stances, typically performed by students who have achieved black belt rank.
World Taekwondo, formerly known as the World Taekwondo Federation (WTF), is the international governing body for Taekwondo. It organizes and promotes the sport globally, sets rules and regulations for competitions, and sponsors international tournaments such as the World Taekwondo Championships and the Olympic Games. The Pyongwon poomsae is recognized and practised by World Taekwondo, along with several other poomsae in the traditional taekwondo curriculum.
- Number of Movements: 21
- Meaning: Pyongwon means plain, symbolizing the origin and transformation of life. It is based on the idea of peace and struggle resulting from the principles of origin and use. The techniques in this form are smooth and continuous, representing the vastness and potential of a plain. Practitioners focus on harmony and balance, embodying the peaceful nature of the plain while being prepared for challenges.
- Symbol: Meaning One
Pyongwon Poomsae Terms
- Olgul Kodureo Yop Makki (얼굴거들어 옆막기) – Assisted head side block
- Palkoop Ollyo Chigi (팔굽 올려 치기) – Upper elbow strike
- Deungjumeok Dangkyo Teok Chigi (등주먹 당겨 턱 치기) – Backfist punch to the chin
- Meonge Chigi (멍에치기) – Meonge is the equipment put on an ox’s neck when it pulls a wagon
Sipjin is one of the poomsae (also spelled pumsae or poomse) in the traditional taekwondo curriculum. Poomsae are predetermined sequences of taekwondo techniques performed alone for training and development. Sipjin, the fifth black belt poomsae, is named after the “ten stars” (Sipjin) in the Korean constellation. Its movements are based on the ten celestial stems and twelve earthly branches of the East Asian zodiac, symbolizing the martial artist’s enduring spirit and timeless wisdom. This poomsae includes a series of kicks, punches, blocks, and stances, typically performed by students who have achieved black belt rank.
World Taekwondo, formerly known as the World Taekwondo Federation (WTF), is the international governing body for Taekwondo. It organizes and promotes the sport globally, sets rules and regulations for competitions, and sponsors international tournaments such as the World Taekwondo Championships and the Olympic Games. The Sipjin poomsae is recognized and practised by World Taekwondo, along with several other poomsae in the traditional taekwondo curriculum.
- Number of Movements: 28
- Meaning: Sipjin is derived from the Chinese character for ten (十), which is considered the perfect number. This character encompasses all directions (north, south, east, west, and centre) and represents the decimal system, which is eternal. The movements in this form are varied and intricate, symbolizing the complexity and interconnectedness of life. Practitioners are encouraged to develop their techniques continuously, reflecting the ceaseless growth and development inherent in the form.
- Symbol: Meaning Ten
Sipjin Poomsae Terms
- Hwangso Makki (황소 막기) – Bull block (represents the shape of the horns)
- Sonbadak Momtong Kodureo Bakkat Makki (손바닥 몸통 거들어 바깥 막기) – Palm assisted outer body block
- Sonnaldeung Momtong Hecho Makki (손날등 몸통 헤쳐 막기) – Knife hand back trunk block
- Pyonsokkeut Opeo Jireugi (편손끝 어퍼 찌르기) – Upper thrust strike
- Chetdari Jireugi (쳇다리 지르기) – Double punch
- Bawi Milgi (바위 밀기) – Pushing the Rock
Jitae is one of the poomsae (also spelled pumsae or poomse) in the traditional taekwondo curriculum. Poomsae are predetermined sequences of taekwondo techniques performed alone for training and development. Jitae, the sixth black belt poomsae, is named after the “seven stars” (Jitae) in the Korean constellation. Its movements are based on the seven celestial stems and eight earthly branches of the East Asian zodiac, symbolizing the martial artist’s nobility and honour. This poomsae includes a series of kicks, punches, blocks, and stances, typically performed by students who have achieved black belt rank.
World Taekwondo, formerly known as the World Taekwondo Federation (WTF), is the international governing body for Taekwondo. It organizes and promotes the sport globally, sets rules and regulations for competitions, and sponsors international tournaments such as the World Taekwondo Championships and the Olympic Games. The Jitae poomsae is recognized and practised by World Taekwondo, along with several other poomsae in the traditional taekwondo curriculum.
- Number of Movements: 28
- Meaning: Jitae signifies the ground, which serves as the foundation for all life and activities. The form embodies the principles of stability and strength, representing the practitioner’s connection to the earth. Techniques are rooted and powerful, emphasizing a solid stance and grounded movements. Practitioners learn to draw strength from their connection to the ground, fostering stability and resilience.
- Symbol: Ground
Jitae Poomsae Terms
- Hansonnal Olgul Makki (한손날 얼굴 막기) – Single arm knife hand mountain block
This term covers a specific block used in Jitae poomsae.
Cheonkwon is one of the poomsae (also spelled pumsae or poomse) in the traditional taekwondo curriculum. Poomsae are predetermined sequences of taekwondo techniques performed alone for training and development. Cheonkwon, the seventh black belt poomsae, is named after Korea’s “heavenly lake” (Cheonkwon). Its movements symbolize the martial artist’s ambition and boundless spirit. This poomsae includes a series of kicks, punches, blocks, and stances, typically performed by students who have achieved black belt rank.
World Taekwondo, formerly known as the World Taekwondo Federation (WTF), is the international governing body for Taekwondo. It organizes and promotes the sport globally, sets rules and regulations for competitions, and sponsors international tournaments such as the World Taekwondo Championships and the Olympic Games. The Cheonkwon poomsae is recognized and practised by World Taekwondo, along with several other poomsae in the traditional taekwondo curriculum.
- Number of Movements: 26
- Meaning: Cheonkwon translates to “Heavenly Fist,” symbolizing the balance between heaven (cheon) and fist (kwon), and is part of the name “Taekwondo.” The form emphasizes the practitioner’s ambition and boundless spirit. Movements are expansive and dynamic, encouraging practitioners to reach their full potential and embrace the limitless possibilities of the universe.
- Symbol: Heaven
Chonkwon Poomsae Terms
- Nalgae Pyogi (날개 펴기) – Wing opening
- Sonnal Wesanteul Makki (손날 외산틀 막기) – Single knife hand wide open block
- Hwidullo Makki (휘둘러 막기) – Swinging block
- Taesan Milgi (태산밀기) – Pushing a great mountain
These terms cover the basic blocks and techniques used in Cheonkwon poomsae.
Hansu is the eighth black belt poomsae, named after the Korean word for “water” (Hansu). Poomsae are predetermined sequences of taekwondo techniques performed alone for training and development. Hansu includes a series of kicks, punches, blocks, and stances, typically performed by students who have achieved black belt rank. The movements in the Hansu poomsae are inspired by the fluid and flexible nature of water, representing the martial artist’s adaptability and versatility.
World Taekwondo, formerly known as the World Taekwondo Federation (WTF), is the international governing body for Taekwondo. It organizes and promotes the sport globally, sets rules and regulations for competitions, and sponsors international tournaments such as the World Taekwondo Championships and the Olympic Games. The Hansu poomsae is recognized and practised by World Taekwondo, along with several other poomsae in the traditional taekwondo curriculum.
- Number of Movements: 27
- Meaning: Hansu means water, representing fluidity, adaptability, and the continuous flow of life. This form teaches practitioners to be flexible and adaptable in both technique and mindset. Techniques are smooth and flowing, mirroring the characteristics of water. Practitioners learn to move seamlessly between different techniques, maintaining a constant state of readiness and adaptability.
- Symbol: Water
Hansu Poomsae Terms
- Gyeotdari Seogi (곁다리서기) – Assisting stance
- Sonnal Keumgang Makki (손날 금강 막기) – Knife hand diamond block
- Sonnal Yop Chigi (손날 옆 치기) – Knife hand side strike
Ilyeo is one of the poomsae (also spelled pumsae or poomse) in the traditional taekwondo curriculum. Poomsae are predetermined sequences of taekwondo techniques performed alone for training and development. Ilyeo, the ninth black belt poomsae, is named after the Korean word for “one” (Ilyeo). Its movements symbolize the unity and wholeness of the martial artist, representing indivisibility and completeness. This poomsae includes a series of kicks, punches, blocks, and stances, typically performed by students who have achieved black belt rank.
World Taekwondo, formerly known as the World Taekwondo Federation (WTF), is the international governing body for Taekwondo. It organizes and promotes the sport globally, sets rules and regulations for competitions, and sponsors international tournaments such as the World Taekwondo Championships and the Olympic Games. The Ilyeo poomsae is recognized and practised by World Taekwondo, along with several other poomsae in the traditional taekwondo curriculum.
- Number of Movements: 28
- Meaning: Ilyeo signifies the concept of oneness, unity, and harmony between the mind, body, and spirit. The form embodies the ultimate goal of Taekwondo practice, which is to achieve a state of selflessness and integration with the universe. Movements are harmonious and balanced, reflecting the practitioner’s journey towards inner peace and unity. Practitioners focus on integrating their techniques into a cohesive whole, embodying the principles of oneness and harmony. This form also represents the concept of non-dualism and originally symbolized the famous Korean monk Wonhyo.
- Symbol: Oneness
Fun Fact: Originally, there were different names for these forms: “Koryeo” was different, “Pyeongwon” was “Baekje,” and “Ilyeo” was “Shilla.”
Ilyeo Poomsae Terms
- Otgoreo Olgul Makki (엇걸어 얼굴 막기) – Cross upper lower block
- Ogeum Seogi (오금 서기) – (No translation provided)
- Dujumeok Heori Junbi (두주먹 허리 준비) – Two fists on the waist posture
Additional Techniques: Bawi Milgi and Taesan Milgi
In the practice of Taekwondo poomsae, certain techniques emphasize specific principles and movements crucial for martial artists. Two such techniques, 비위밀기 (Bawi Milgi) and 태산밀기 (Taesan Milgi) are integral to the pushing movements found in the poomsae of Sipjin and Cheonkwon.
바위 밀기 (Bawi Milgi)
Translation: Pushing a Rock
Description: Bawi Milgi, or “Pushing the Rock,” is a technique that focuses on strength and stability. It is prominently featured in the poomsae of Sipjin. This movement involves a powerful, forward-directed push that simulates the effort of moving a large rock. The technique emphasizes generating force from a solid stance, transferring energy from the ground up through the legs and into the arms.
Application in Sipjin: In the Sipjin poomsae, Bawi Milgi represents the effort and determination required to overcome obstacles. It teaches practitioners the importance of a stable base and coordinated movement, both essential for executing powerful techniques in Taekwondo.
태산 밀기 (Taesan Milgi)
Translation: Pushing a Great Mountain
Description: Taesan Milgi, or “Pushing the Great Mountain,” is an advanced pushing technique that symbolizes immense effort and strength. It is a key component of the poomsae in Cheonkwon. This movement involves a robust, forward-directed push, engaging the entire body in a unified motion. The technique highlights the need for balance, control, and maximum strength.
Application in Cheonkwon: In the Cheonkwon poomsae, Taesan Milgi represents the challenge of moving a great mountain, symbolizing the practitioner’s ambition and boundless spirit. It encourages martial artists to harness their full potential and demonstrates the importance of persistence and inner strength in overcoming significant challenges.
These pushing techniques are not just physical exercises but also mental disciplines that teach perseverance, strength, and resilience. Integrating Bawi Milgi and Taesan Milgi into your practice can deepen your understanding of Taekwondo principles and enhance your overall performance in poomsae.
Symbolic Progression in Pushing Techniques
In Taekwondo, the progression of pushing techniques from Tong Milgi (통밀기 – Pushing a Barrel) to Bawi Milgi (바위 밀기 – Pushing a Rock) and finally to Taesan Milgi (태산 밀기 – Pushing a Great Mountain) symbolizes the increasing abilities, conviction, and perseverance of a practitioner. This journey through the different poomsae reflects the idea that nothing is impossible, and with continuous effort, a Taekwondo practitioner can overcome any challenge.
Footwork in Cheonkwon
In addition to the various pushing techniques, Cheonkwon poomsae also introduces new footwork patterns that emphasize balance, agility, and precision. Practitioners are encouraged to master these movements to enhance their overall Taekwondo skills.
The Significance of Advanced Poomsae
These advanced poomsae are not just physical exercises but profound meditations on the practitioner’s relationship with the world and themselves. Each movement in these forms is designed to cultivate specific virtues and insights, helping practitioners grow both as martial artists and individuals.
By mastering these forms, Taekwondo practitioners can achieve higher levels of technical proficiency and philosophical understanding, embodying the true spirit of Taekwondo.
Conclusion
Understanding the deeper meanings of Taekwondo poomsae is essential for any practitioner aiming to master the art. Each poomsae is a journey through the rich traditions and philosophies of Taekwondo, offering more than just physical exercise.
Key Takeaways:
- Symbolic Significance: Each form, from the foundational Taegeuk poomsae to the advanced black belt poomsae like Koryo and Ilyeo, embodies specific elements of nature and philosophical principles.
- Technical Mastery: Practicing poomsae helps develop precision, balance, and coordination, crucial for both self-defence and competitive Taekwondo.
- Personal Growth: The discipline and mental focus required to perform poomsae align with the Five Tenets of Taekwondo—courtesy, integrity, perseverance, self-control, and indomitable spirit.
For a visual and technical breakdown, explore our YouTube channel where we perform and analyze each poomsae in detail. Watching these videos can greatly enhance your understanding and execution of the movements.
Further Resources:
- Dive deeper with our blog posts: Taegeuk Poomsae for Coloured Belts, Basics of World Taekwondo Poomsae, and Black Belt Poomsae.
- Learn more about poomsae rules and regulations with our post on Poomsae Referee Rules in World Taekwondo.
- Gain a comprehensive understanding of Unlocking the Art of Taekwondo.
If you’re looking for personalized guidance, consider booking a YouTube channel with us to enhance your skills under expert supervision. Our recommended Comprehensive Taekwondo Books: Theory, Practice, and Philosophy offer valuable insights into Taekwondo’s rich heritage and techniques.
Practitioners are encouraged to immerse themselves in these forms, understanding the symbolic meanings and applying the lessons learned in their training and daily lives. For a more guided and enriching experience, consider joining classes at Taekwondo4Fitness, where our dedicated instructors can support you in mastering these advanced poomsae and realizing your full potential in Taekwondo.
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